Infertility can be caused by problems in the male or female reproductive system. Thus it is important for both partnersto be tested initially to careful assess the extent of infertility problems.
Schematic work up of patients who come for infertility includes: 
     1.Detailed history and examination of both partners.
     2.Screening for HBsAg,HIV,VDRL
     3.Detailed semen analysis
     4.Hormonal essays for male and female
     5.Vaginal sonography
     6.Laparohysteroscopy when indicated 
MALE   INFERTILITY:
Male infertility accounts for approx 40% of causes and it can be due to ejaculatory failure or due to any factor decreases sperm production.
Male infertility is on the rise due to:
1)      Stresses of modern life.
2)      Tobacco,alcohol,drug abuse.
3)      Exposure to toxic chemicals and radiations.
4)      Infection of genital organs (sexually transmitted diseases)
5)      History of mumps infection during childhood.
6)      Occupational hazards- truck drivers,engine drivers.
7)      Hormonal disorder.
8)      Trauma.
9)      Genetic disorders

Exessive and prolonged exposure of genitals to heat as in frequent hot baths,steam,sauna,tight under clothing and varicose veins in the scrotum.
 INFERTILITY – FEMALE:     
Female causes accounts for approx 50% of cases and due to
1) Ovulation disorders
2) Tubal pathology
3) Endrometrioses
4) Uterine abnormalties
5) Cervical factors
6) Psycological
In  10-15% of the couples no cause is found and these patients are labeled as unexplained.